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\u3000\u3000\u9648\u9038\u98de\u6cb9\u753b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740\u5b81\u9759\u548c\u5e73\u548c\uff0c\u5728\u5199\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u6e17\u900f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7f8e\u611f\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u63cf\u7ed8\u6c5f\u5357\u6c34\u4e61\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u8fd8\u662f\u751f\u52a8\u4f20\u795e\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u8096\u50cf\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u4f53\u73b0\u753b\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8ffd\u6c42\uff1a\u201c\u8fd0\u7528\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u8d4b\u4e88\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u3002\u00a0
\u3000\u3000\u9648\u9038\u98de\u5148\u751f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u4ee5\u201c\u5927\u7f8e\u672f\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5728\u7535\u5f71\u3001\u670d\u9970\u827a\u672f\u3001\u73af\u5883\u8bbe\u8ba1\u827a\u672f\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5982\u540c\u4ed6\u6cb9\u753b\u827a\u672f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4ee4\u6587\u5316\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u4e3a\u4e4b\u6298\u670d\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u9648\u9038\u98de\u7684\u6210\u540d\u4f5c\u300a\u5360\u9886\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c(1976)\u300b\u8ffd\u6c42\u706b\u8fa3\u8fa3\u7684\u539f\u751f\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u611f,\u628a\u4f18\u79c0\u4e60\u4f5c\u65b9\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u5199\u5b9e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u642c\u4e0a\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u5386\u53f2\u753b, \u6574\u5e45\u753b\u5c06\u89c6\u70b9\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u90a3\u540d\u80f8\u6302\u51b2\u950b\u67aa\u7684\u5347\u65d7\u6218\u58eb\u548c\u90a3\u9762\u5189\u5189\u4e0a\u5347\u8fce\u98ce\u98d8\u626c\u7684\u7ea2\u65d7\u4e0a\u3002\u98d8\u8361\u5728\u534a\u7a7a\u7684\u7ea2\u65d7\u4f7f\u753b\u9762\u5145\u6ee1\u52a8\u611f, \u9884\u793a\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1f\u5927\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u5373\u5c06\u6765\u4e34\u3002\u8fd9\u5e45\u753b\u6c14\u52bf\u78c5\u7934, \u7ed3\u6784\u7d27\u51d1, \u5bcc\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u827a\u672f\u611f\u67d3\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u5e45\u4f5c\u54c1\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u65b0\u4e2d\u56fd\u6cb9\u753b\u4e2d\u96be\u5f97\u4e00\u89c1\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002\u00a0
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u9ec4\u6cb3\u9882\u300b(1972),\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6301\u67aa\u633a\u7acb\u7684\u5a01\u6b66\u96c4\u58ee\u7684\u6218\u58eb, \u914d\u4ee5\u82cd\u83bd\u7684\u6cb3\u5c71\u548c\u4f4e\u98de\u7684\u7fa4\u96c1\u4f5c\u80cc\u666f,\u5b8c\u6ee1\u5730\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bd7\u610f\u8471\u830f\u7684\u58ee\u9614\u7684\u827a\u672f\u5883\u754c\u3002\u00a0
\u3000\u3000\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u30001979 \u5e74\u9648\u9038\u98de\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u6cb9\u753b\u300a\u8e31\u6b65\u300b( \u73b0\u7ebd\u7ea6\u79c1\u4eba\u6536\u85cf) , \u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u53cd\u601d\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u4ee3\u53f2\u3001\u8868\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u753b\u5bb6\u81ea\u5df1\u9762\u5bf9\u753b\u9762, \u4eff\u4f5b\u4e00\u5377\u5377\u80f6\u7247\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5f62\u8c61\u5728\u4ed6\u8eab\u5916\u5ef6\u4f38\u3001\u5448\u793a\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u300a\u827a\u672f\u65b0\u95fb\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u8bc4\u4ef7\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u201c\u7126\u9ed1\u5c16\u9510, \u5199\u5b9e\u800c\u610f\u5883\u6df1\u8fdc, \u6709\u6c14\u52bf\u800c\u4e13\u4e1a\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c55\u9732\u4e86\u9648\u9038\u98de\u88ab\u897f\u65b9\u63a5\u7eb3\u7684\u4e00\u7ebf\u66d9\u5149\u3002\u8fd9\u5e45\u6cb9\u753b\u662f\u9648\u9038\u98de\u6b65\u5165\u56fd\u9645\u753b\u575b\u7684\u8d77\u70b9, \u4e5f\u9884\u793a\u7740\u9648\u9038\u98de\u753b\u98ce\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u5fc3\u6001\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u8f6c\u6298\u3002 
\u3000\u30001985\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\u300a\u6865\u300b\u88ab\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u9009\u4f5c\u9996\u65e5\u5c01\u3002 
\u3000\u30001985\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u65b9\u77f3\u6cb9\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u957f\u54c8\u9ed8\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e2d\u56fd\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u9648\u9038\u98de\u7684\u6cb9\u753b\u300a\u5bb6\u4e61\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u2014\u2014\u53cc\u6865\u300b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793c\u7269\u8d60\u4e88\u4e2d\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c \u4f7f\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u66b4\u5f97\u5927\u540d\u3002 
\u3000\u3000\u9648\u9038\u98de\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u8574\u542b\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7f8e\u5b66\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\u6280\u5de7\uff1b\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u5730\u57df\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5c06\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7cbe\u9ad3\u878d\u4e8e\u54ab\u5c3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u97f3\u4e50\u9898\u6750\u7684\u8096\u50cf:\u300a\u5927\u63d0\u7434\u624b\u300b(1983, \u73b0\u54c8\u9ed8\u6536\u85cf)\u3001\u300a\u94a2\u7434\u624b\u300b(1984)\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u63d0\u7434\u624b\u300b(1988)\u3001\u300a\u957f\u7b1b\u624b\u300b( 1987)\u3002\u753b\u5bb6\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u753b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u7f6e\u4e8e\u7a7a\u65f7\u80cc\u666f\u4e0a\u7684\u96d5\u5851\uff0c\u5176\u9020\u578b\u529b\u5ea6\u5f02\u5e38\u624e\u5b9e\u3001\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u6280\u5de7\u8fd1\u4e4e\u7089\u706b\u7eaf\u9752\u3002\u4ed6\u91c7\u7528\u7f8e\u56fd\u7167\u76f8\u5199\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6280\u6cd5\u63cf\u6479\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u3001\u9ad8\u8d35\u3001\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u7f8e\u4eba\u753b\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u3001\u4e50\u5668\u548c\u4e50\u66f2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u547c\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u753b\u9762\u6709\u65cb\u5f8b\u611f, \u6784\u56fe\u53ca\u4eba\u7269\u5904\u7406\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u611f, \u80cc\u666f\u5927\u80c6\u542f\u7528\u9ed1\u8272, \u7ed9\u4eba\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3002 
\u3000\u3000\u9648\u9038\u98de\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u6c5f\u5357\u6c34\u4e61:\u300a\u53e4\u6865\u300b(1983)\u3001\u300a\u7ae5\u5e74\u5b09\u620f\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u300b(1984)\u3001\u300a\u5bc2\u9759\u7684\u8fd0\u6cb3\u300b(1985) .\u770b\u9648\u9038\u98de\u7684\u98ce\u666f\u753b, \u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u662f\u975e\u540c\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u5b81\u9759, \u5b83\u4f7f\u4eba\u795e\u5f80, \u4ee4\u4eba\u9676\u9189, \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u51e1\u8131\u4fd7\u7684\u5b81\u9759, \u5728\u5b83\u7684\u7b3c\u7f69\u4e0b, \u6d53\u90c1\u7684\u5f02\u56fd\u60c5\u8c03\u53ca\u4e1c\u65b9\u795e\u79d8\u6c14\u6c1b\u6cb9\u7136\u800c\u751f\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u6d6a\u6f2b\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u6c5f\u5357\u6c34\u4e61, \u5b83\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684, \u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u53e4\u6734\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u3001\u5b81\u9759\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e16\u754c, \u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u5b8c\u5168\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u201d\u7684\u5374\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u6240\u80fd\u8bfb\u89e3\u7684\u201c\u4e1c\u65b9\u201d\u3002 
\u3000\u300090 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d,\u4ed6\u5c06\u897f\u65b9\u53e4\u5178\u5199\u5b9e\u753b\u98ce\u63a8\u5411\u6781\u81f4, \u4e1d\u4e1d\u5165\u6263\u5730\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u7cbe\u81f4\u3001\u7ec6\u817b\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u51c6\u5219, \u7528\u7089\u706b\u7eaf\u9752\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u6280\u6cd5\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u7f8e\u4eba\u523b\u753b\u5f97\u8fd1\u4e4e\u201c\u552f\u7f8e\u201d, \u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u7684\u8102\u7c89\u5473, \u800c\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u547d\u540d\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u51fa\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u8bd7\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u5178\u96c5\u610f\u8c61\u3002\u770b\u300a\u6d54\u9633\u9057\u97f5\u300b(1991)\u3001\u300a\u7f42\u7c9f\u82b1\u300b(1991)\u3001\u300a\u897f\u53a2\u5f85\u6708\u300b(1994)\u3001\u300a\u604b\u6b4c\u300b(1995) \u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0a\u6d77\u65e7\u68a6\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u300a\u9ec4\u91d1\u5c81\u6708\u300b( 1993)\u3001\u300a\u7389\u5802\u6625\u6696\u300b(1993)\u3001\u300a\u6625\u98ce\u6c89\u9189\u300b( 1993) , \u753b\u9762\u4e2d\u90a3\u5029\u5f71\u4f9d\u4f9d\u3001\u53ef\u601c\u53ef\u7231\u7684\u6c11\u521d\u5c11\u5987, \u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u67d4\u5f31\u65e0\u9aa8\u3001\u987e\u5f71\u81ea\u601c, \u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5e0c\u671b\u88ab\u5ba0\u88ab\u770b\u7684\u6e29\u987a\u7684\u54c0\u6028\u7684\u76ee\u5149\u51dd\u89c6\u7740\u89c2\u4f17, \u753b\u9762\u6563\u53d1\u51fa\u67d4\u548c\u7684\u706b\u7130, \u5145\u6ea2\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u6e29\u99a8\u7684\u628a\u73a9\u7684\u60c5\u8c03, \u7b3c\u7f69\u7740\u4e00\u5c42\u8584\u8584\u8f7b\u7eb1\u822c\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u611f\u3002\u753b\u5bb6\u7b14\u4e0b\u7684\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u5e26\u7740\u5fe7\u90c1\u54c0\u6028\u3001\u843d\u5bde\u51c4\u7f8e\u7684\u795e\u60c5\u3002\u7f31\u7efb\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u591a\u8eab\u7a7f\u6e05\u672b\u8273\u4e3d\u800c\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u6c11\u65cf\u670d\u88c5, \u6216\u5439\u7bab\u6216\u629a\u7434\u6216\u6267\u6247\u6216\u201c\u72b9\u62b1\u7435\u7436\u534a\u906e\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6d53\u90c1\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u97f5\u81f4\u548c\u60c5\u8c03\u3002 
\u3000\u3000 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u3000\u3000\u9648\u9038\u98de\u53bb\u521b\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ee5\u897f\u85cf\u6c11\u4fd7\u4e3a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u6cb9\u753b, \u523b\u610f\u51f8\u663e\u85cf\u6c11\u7684\u7c97\u72b7\u3001\u539f\u59cb\u3001\u795e\u79d8\u3002\u7528\u5947\u5f02\u7684\u6c11\u4fd7\u53bb\u6f14\u7ece\u53e4\u8001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6d6a\u6f2b\u6545\u4e8b\u4ee5\u5524\u8d77\u897f\u65b9\u5bf9\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u65e0\u9650\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u6668\u66e6\u300b( 1995)\u3001\u300a\u5c71\u5730\u98ce\u300b( 1994)\u3001\u300a\u85cf\u65cf\u4eba\u5bb6\u300b( 1995)\u3001\u300a\u5c71\u4eba(1996)\u3001\u300a\u795e\u5e99\u300b( 1995) \u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f5c\u54c1\u867d\u7136\u5728\u98ce\u683c\u4e0a\u4e00\u53cd\u4ed6\u6b64\u524d\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u67d4\u8c27\u751c\u7f8e\u3001\u7ec6\u817b\u7cbe\u81f4, \u8d8b\u4e8e\u7c97\u72b7\u8c6a\u8fc8\u3001\u6d51\u539a\u58ee\u7f8e; \u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5706\u6ee1\u7684\u6280\u827a\u3001\u8001\u7ec3\u7684\u7b14\u89e6\u3001\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u6784\u56fe; \u5728\u8272\u5f69\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u6548\u679c\u30021994 \u5e74\u300a\u5c71\u5730\u98ce\u300b\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u56fd\u9645\u827a\u672f\u62cd\u5356\u4f1a\u4e0a, \u4ee5286 \u4e07\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u6210\u4ea4\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u8fd9\u7ec4\u897f\u85cf\u98ce\u60c5\u753b\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u82f1\u56fd\u4f26\u6566\u739b\u52c3\u6d1b(M arbo rough) \u7f8e\u672f\u9986\u6536\u85cf\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1996 \u5e74\u540c\u56fd\u9645\u6700\u5177\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u827a\u672f\u753b\u5eca\u739b\u52c3\u6d1b(M arbo rough) \u7b7e\u7ea6, \u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u753b\u5eca\u9996\u4f4d\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u4e9a\u6d32\u753b\u5bb6\u3002\u9648\u9038\u98de\u6cb9\u753b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9, \u5728\u4e8e\u753b\u9762\u4e0a\u5f25\u6f2b\u7740\u5b81\u9759\u548c\u67d4\u7f8e, \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7167\u76f8\u5199\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u6e17\u900f\u7740\u4e1c\u65b9\u795e\u97f5\u3002 
\u3000\u3000 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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